Outdoor lighting increases the safety, practicality and comfort of your home. In Finland's changing weather conditions, it is especially important to choose correctly rated lighting. In this article, we will discuss IP ratings and their importance in choosing outdoor lighting.
What does IP rating mean?
The IP rating (Ingress Protection) indicates how well an electrical device is protected from external factors, such as dust and moisture. The IP rating consists of two numbers:
- The first number (0-6) indicates protection against solid objects and dust
- The second number (0-8) indicates protection against water and moisture.
For example, in the IP65 rating, the first 6 means complete dust protection, and the second 5 means protection against water jets.
IP ratings suitable for outdoor lighting
IP rating requirements for outdoor lighting vary depending on the installation location:
Covered outdoor spaces (porches, balconies, canopies)
- Recommended IP rating: at least IP44
- Protects the lamp from rain and splashing water
- Suitable for spaces where the luminaire is protected from direct rain
Unprotected outdoor spaces (yard, terrace, walkways)
- Recommended IP rating: at least IP65
- Protects the lamp from heavy rain and water spray
- Essential in Finnish weather conditions
Ground-level or recessed luminaires
- Recommended IP rating: at least IP67
- Protects the lamp from short-term immersion in water
- Important due to snow and meltwater
Underwater lights (ponds, fountains)
- Recommended IP rating: IP68
- Protects the luminaire from continuous immersion
- Essential for lighting water features
A more detailed explanation of IP ratings
First digit (protection against solid objects):
- 0 : No protection
- 1 : Protection against objects larger than 50 mm
- 2 : Protection against objects larger than 12.5 mm
- 3 : Protection against objects larger than 2.5 mm
- 4 : Protection against objects larger than 1 mm
- 5 : Dust-proof (dust does not affect operation)
- 6 : Dustproof
Second number (protection against water):
- 0 : No protection
- 1 : Protection against vertically dripping water
- 2 : Protection against dripping water (at an angle of 15°)
- 3 : Rain protection (at 60° angle)
- 4 : Protection against splash water
- 5 : Protection against water jets
- 6 : Protection against powerful water jets
- 7 : Protection against short-term immersion
- 8 : Protection against continuous immersion
Other factors to consider when choosing outdoor lighting
1. IK rating (impact resistance)
- Indicates the luminaire's resistance to mechanical shocks
- Scale IK00 (no protection) - IK10 (very durable)
- For outdoor lighting, a minimum IK08 rating is recommended.
2. Materials
- Stainless steel : Durable and stylish, especially suitable for seaside locations
- Aluminum : Lightweight and corrosion-resistant, common in outdoor lighting
- Composite materials : Durable and maintenance-free
- Copper : Patinas beautifully over time, natural antibacterial properties
3. Color temperature and light source
- Warm white (2700-3000K) : Cozy and inviting
- Neutral White (3500-4000K) : Clear and functional
- Cool white (5000-6500K) : Effective, but can feel cold
- LED lights : An energy-efficient and long-lasting choice for outdoor use
Tips for designing outdoor lighting
1. Functional areas
- Entrances : IP44-IP65 wall lights or ceiling lights
- Pathways : IP65 bollard or low-profile luminaires
- Stairs : IP65 wall-mounted or stair lights
- Terraces and living areas : IP65 wall, ceiling or pole lights
2. Accent and mood lighting
- Trees and shrubs : IP65 ground spike lights or spotlights
- Facade : IP65 wall washers or spotlights
- Water elements : IP68 underwater lights
- Planting areas : IP67 in-ground luminaires
3. Safety and practicality
- Motion detectors : Increase security and energy efficiency
- Twilight switches : Automatic lighting at dusk
- Timers : Control lighting at different times of the day
- Smart lighting : Remote control and versatile adjustment options
The most common mistakes when choosing outdoor lighting
-
IP rating too low
- Shortens the life of the lamp and poses a safety risk
-
Lighting too bright
- Glare and light pollution problems
-
Insufficient lighting
- Security risk in dark areas
-
Wrong color temperature
- Significantly affects the atmosphere and practicality
Special challenges of Finnish weather conditions
- Winter and snow : Lights must withstand snow, ice and meltwater
- Temperature fluctuations : Materials and components must withstand temperatures from -30°C to +30°C
- Humidity and rain : Seals and structures are put to the test
- Darkness and light : The darkness of winter and the bright nights of summer place special demands
Summary
When choosing outdoor lighting, the IP rating is a paramount factor that ensures the safety and longevity of the luminaire in the changing weather conditions of Finland. In unprotected outdoor spaces, luminaires with a minimum IP65 rating should be used, and in ground-mounted luminaires with a minimum IP67 rating.
Remember that electrical installations require a permit, so always use a professional electrician to install your lights. This will ensure that your outdoor lighting is both safe and compliant.
